A Comprehensive Review of Tinnitus: Etiology, Contemporary Treatments, and the Efficacy of Notched Sound Therapy

Tinnitus is a prevalent and often debilitating condition characterized by the perception of internal sound in the absence of an external source. It affects millions of individuals and is a symptom of an underlying issue rather than a disease itself.1This report provides a comprehensive analysis of tinnitus, beginning with its core classifications and diverse forms, followed by a detailed examination of current treatment modalities. A central focus is placed on a nuanced evaluation of notched sound therapy, exploring its neurophysiological foundation, clinical efficacy, and future trajectory.

The report details the fundamental distinction between subjective and objective tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus, the most common type, is an auditory phantom generated by the brain, often due to damage to the auditory pathway. Objective tinnitus, a rare form, is a real sound produced by internal anatomical structures. This etiological difference has profound implications for treatment, with objective cases often amenable to surgical correction, while subjective cases necessitate a focus on symptom management and neuroplasticity-based interventions.

An overview of contemporary treatments reveals a landscape dominated by non-invasive therapies. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are highlighted as highly effective approaches with strong evidence, particularly for patients experiencing significant psychological distress. These therapies do not eliminate the sound but rather retrain the brain's response to it, a strategy that has proven more successful than pharmacological attempts to reverse the underlying neural hyperactivity.

A dedicated section on notched sound therapy explores its mechanism of action, which leverages the principle of lateral inhibition to suppress the hyperactive auditory neurons responsible for the phantom sound. Clinical studies, including a seminal 2009 PNAS study and a recent 2025 meta-analysis, provide evidence that this therapy can significantly reduce tinnitus loudness and emotional distress, particularly for patients with tonal tinnitus. The increasing integration of this technology into advanced hearing aids marks a significant step toward making this treatment more accessible and user-friendly.

The report concludes by looking toward the future of tinnitus management. The trend is shifting from single-modality approaches to integrated, interdisciplinary, and personalized strategies. The emergence of bimodal neuromodulation—which combines sound therapy with a second sensory input—and the ongoing pursuit of regenerative and genetic therapies point to a future where tinnitus is treated holistically, addressing both its neurological origins and its psychological impact on a patient's quality of life. The path forward requires continued large-scale research to validate these innovative methods and ensure they are tailored to the unique needs of each individual.

1. Introduction to Tinnitus: Phenomenon and Classification

1.1 Defining the Auditory Phantom: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Tinnitus is a symptom defined as the perception of a sound in the absence of any external acoustic stimulus.2 It is not a disease in itself but a manifestation of an underlying condition or dysfunction.4 The sounds experienced by individuals with tinnitus are highly varied and can include beeping, buzzing, clicking, hissing, whooshing, or even a deep, persistent humming sound.2 While many people experience mild, transient symptoms, for others, the condition can become chronic and severely impact their quality of life.1 The severity is measured not by the loudness of the sound, but by its volume, frequency, and overall impact on a patient's daily life, leading to stress, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty with concentration.5

The medical and scientific community generally regards tinnitus as a neurological phenomenon where the brain, in an attempt to compensate for reduced auditory input, begins to generate its own noise.5 This auditory "filling-in" is often a result of damage to the auditory pathway, which includes the cochlea, auditory nerve, brainstem nuclei, and auditory cortex.2 Understanding this underlying mechanism is crucial for developing effective management strategies, as it confirms that the sound is a product of internal neural activity, not an external source.7

1.2 The Foundational Dichotomy: Subjective vs. Objective Tinnitus

The most widely accepted classification system for tinnitus divides it into two main categories: subjective and objective.2This fundamental distinction dictates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the condition.

Subjective tinnitus is by far the most common type, representing approximately 99% of all cases.5 It is characterized by the perception of sound that is audible only to the individual experiencing it.2 Its origin is typically linked to a disruption of the auditory pathway, most often as a consequence of exposure to loud noise.2 Due to its nature as a phantom sensation, it can be a lifelong condition, although its intensity and duration can vary greatly.2

In contrast, objective tinnitus is a rare condition that is unique because the sound can be heard by an examiner, typically an audiologist using a stethoscope.2 The sounds associated with objective tinnitus are not phantom; they are genuine acoustic signals generated by structures near or within the ear.9 These sounds often synchronize with the patient's heartbeat, indicating a vascular origin.2 This distinction is of critical importance because the presence of a detectable sound source means that objective tinnitus may be caused by an identifiable physical problem, such as vascular malformations or muscle spasms.5 This etiological difference has profound implications for treatment. While subjective tinnitus requires symptom management, objective tinnitus may be addressed with a medical or surgical solution to resolve the underlying physical cause.2 This fundamental division between a neurological symptom and a physically generated sound shapes the entire diagnostic and treatment paradigm.

1.3 Key Subtypes and Their Characteristics

Within the broad category of subjective tinnitus, there are several distinct subtypes, each with unique characteristics and potential underlying causes.

Neurological Tinnitus is a form of subjective tinnitus that stems from a neurological disorder.2 This subtype is caused by issues affecting the brain's auditory sensory functions, which is why it is also referred to as sensory tinnitus.2 It is a manifestation of the brain's response to conditions that disrupt auditory processing. Ménière's disease is a well-known example of a neurological condition that can cause tinnitus, with patients often reporting sounds like chiming or whooshing.2

Somatic Tinnitus, also known as conductive or somatosensory tinnitus, is a significant subtype that accounts for a substantial portion of cases.2 What distinguishes this type is that its frequency or intensity can be altered by physical movements, pressure, or temperature changes.2 The most common triggers involve movements of the head, neck, jaw, or eyes.2 Conditions like temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) or muscle spasms in the neck and ear are frequent causes.2 The influence of the body's somatosensory system on this form of tinnitus highlights the complex interplay between different sensory pathways in the brain.10

Pulsatile Tinnitus is characterized by a rhythmic thumping, throbbing, or whooshing sound that aligns with the patient's heartbeat.5 While it is a form of subjective tinnitus, in many cases, it is more likely to have an identifiable and potentially serious underlying cause than other subjective forms.11 This condition can be a symptom of a host of health problems, including atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, blood vessel disorders, or head and neck tumors.11 Patients may find it more noticeable at night in a quiet environment when there are fewer external sounds to mask it.11

Low-Frequency Tinnitus is a unique and often misunderstood form that presents as a deep hum, drone, or rumble, typically below 2,000 Hz.6 Unlike the more common high-pitched ringing, this deep, muffled sound is frequently mistaken for an external source, such as a truck idling outside.6 This can lead to significant frustration as individuals search for a sound source that doesn't exist.6 It is particularly disruptive because it blends more easily with everyday background noise, making it harder to ignore than high-pitched tones.6 Common causes include Eustachian tube dysfunction, Ménière's disease, or even low-frequency hearing loss, where the brain generates the internal sound to compensate for the inability to hear lower tones.3

A summary of these classifications and their characteristics is provided in the following table.

2. Contemporary Tinnitus Treatment Landscape

2.1 Non-Invasive Therapeutic Approaches

The current state of tinnitus treatment is centered on managing symptoms and improving a patient's quality of life, as there is no universal cure for most types.4 The most effective and well-researched interventions are non-invasive therapies that focus on habituation and psychological management.

Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) is a prominent, evidence-based approach that combines extensive counseling with personalized sound therapy.13 The primary objective of TRT is to help the patient's brain reclassify the tinnitus signal as neutral, thus reducing the negative emotional and psychological reactions to the sound.4 The treatment protocol involves using ear-level devices that generate consistent, low-level broadband noise to enrich the sound environment and help the brain adapt to the tinnitus.13 Studies on TRT have shown high success rates, with some reports indicating that 74-84% of individuals who complete the therapy achieve noticeable improvement.16 The first signs of improvement often appear after three months, with greater progress observed after six months.16

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is another highly effective, and perhaps the most strongly-supported, method for managing tinnitus.14 Endorsed by major audiology and ENT foundations, CBT targets the psychological and emotional distress linked to the condition.14 The therapy helps patients identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about their tinnitus and replace them with more constructive alternatives.14 Through goal-oriented problem-solving, patients learn positive coping strategies and techniques for stress management, relaxation, and better sleep hygiene.14

Hearing Aids and Acoustic Therapy are also foundational components of tinnitus management, particularly for those with co-existing hearing loss.4 By amplifying external sounds, hearing aids help shift the brain's focus away from the internal tinnitus signal, making it less noticeable.13 Many modern hearing aids are equipped with integrated sound generators that can provide consistent background noise, such as white noise or nature sounds, to mask or distract from the tinnitus.4

2.2 Patient Profiles and Treatment Efficacy

The effectiveness of these treatments varies depending on the patient's specific profile and the nature of their tinnitus. For psychological interventions like CBT and TRT, success is most pronounced in patients who suffer from significant distress.14 This includes individuals with severe tinnitus, those who experience anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbances, and those who harbor "catastrophic thoughts" about their condition.5 For these individuals, the problem is not merely the sound but the powerful negative emotional and psychological reaction to it.7 Therapies that address this emotional component are highly successful because they focus on helping the patient cope and find relief, rather than attempting to silence the sound itself.14

When an underlying physical cause can be identified, as is often the case with objective tinnitus, a medical or surgical solution may be possible.2 For example, if tinnitus is caused by an acoustic neuroma, its surgical removal can resolve the symptom.4 This is a unique situation where a "cure" is possible, a stark contrast to the management-focused approach for subjective tinnitus.

2.3 Pharmacological and Emerging Interventions

The pharmacological treatment landscape for tinnitus is limited. There are currently no medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for the treatment or cure of tinnitus.13 While some psychoactive drugs, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications, are used "off-label" to manage related symptoms like stress and depression, they do not directly impact the tinnitus sound itself.18 The limited efficacy of these drugs for tinnitus itself, especially in patients without co-existing mental health conditions, and the potential for them to reduce neural plasticity—a process vital for habituation—underscores a critical point.18

The lack of a pharmacological cure for tinnitus, juxtaposed with the strong evidence for the efficacy of behavioral and neuroplasticity-based therapies, demonstrates a fundamental reality of the condition. Tinnitus is not a simple biological problem that can be resolved with a pill. It is a complex neurophysiological phenomenon that is sustained and exacerbated by emotional and psychological feedback loops.7 The emotional and autonomic nervous systems are deeply intertwined with the auditory pathways.7 Therefore, therapies that target the brain's emotional and reactive centers, such as CBT and TRT, are more successful because they address the psychological burden that often makes the symptom unbearable.7 This understanding shifts the therapeutic goal from silencing the sound to empowering the patient to live with it, which is the key to successful, long-term relief.

3. Notched Sound Therapy: Mechanism, Application, and Efficacy

3.1 The Neurophysiological Basis of Notched Therapy

Notched sound therapy represents an innovative approach to tinnitus management that is grounded in the principles of neuroplasticity. The prevailing theory posits that tinnitus is a consequence of maladaptive cortical reorganization.20 When the auditory system is damaged, such as from noise-induced hearing loss, a specific population of neurons in the auditory cortex may lose their normal sensory input.20 To compensate for this deprivation, these neurons become hyperactive, leading to spontaneous firing that the brain perceives as the phantom sound of tinnitus.19 This hyperactivity can be thought of as a neural network imbalance where the excitatory system overpowers the inhibitory system.20

Notched therapy is designed to reverse this hyperactivity by leveraging a fundamental neural mechanism called lateral inhibition.20 Lateral inhibition is a process in which a neuron's activity is suppressed while its neighboring neurons are stimulated.22 In the context of tinnitus, this therapy takes a sound source and precisely filters out a small frequency band that corresponds to the patient's specific tinnitus pitch.22 When this "notched" audio is played, it provides stimulation to the neurons surrounding the tinnitus frequency while starving the hyperactive, tinnitus-related neurons of their expected input.19 This differential stimulation "re-attracts" lateral inhibition to the overactive neural population, thereby reducing its hyperactivity and, consequently, the perceived loudness of the tinnitus.19 This approach aims to restore a more balanced neural network and induce long-term neuroplastic changes that can lead to a sustained reduction in the tinnitus signal.20

3.2 A Delineation of Notched Therapy Forms

Notched therapy can be delivered in various formats, with the two most common being notched music and notched noise.

Tailor-Made Notched Music Training (TMNMT) uses a patient’s own preferred music, which is then digitally modified to filter out the frequency band of their tinnitus.20 This method is intended to be a relaxing and enjoyable experience that not only inhibits the hyperactive auditory neurons but also provides emotional relief.20 Users typically listen for one to three hours a day over several months.22

Notched Noise Therapy employs a broadband sound, such as white or pink noise, with the specific tinnitus frequency removed.22 This approach is often more suitable for higher-frequency tinnitus, as notched music may not be effective for frequencies above 8,000 Hz.26 Patients listen to this notched noise for a few hours daily over a period of months.22 For those with multiple tinnitus tones, it is possible to create a sound file with multiple notches, though the evidence for this application is limited.27 A crucial first step for both methods is an accurate determination of the patient's tinnitus frequency, which can be done using a tone generator or by a clinical audiologist.24

3.3 Clinical Efficacy and Target Patient Profiles

Clinical research on notched therapy has shown encouraging results, particularly for a specific subset of patients. A landmark 2009 study published in PNAS found that a group of patients who regularly listened to tailor-made notched music for 12 months experienced a significant reduction in subjective tinnitus loudness.21 Crucially, this improvement was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the hyperactivity of the auditory cortex, confirming a direct link between the neurophysiological changes and the subjective experience of relief.21

A recent 2025 meta-analysis further reinforced these findings, concluding that notched music therapy can significantly reduce scores on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) compared to conventional music therapy.25 These results indicate that notched therapy is a "good non-pharmacological treatment" that can improve a patient's self-reported disability and perceived tinnitus loudness.25

However, the efficacy of notched therapy is not universal. It has been shown to be "especially effective against tonal tinnitus" 23, which is a steady, single-tone ringing or buzzing. The therapy's mechanism of precisely targeting a specific frequency makes it less suitable for patients with non-tonal or multiple tinnitus tones.27 The fact that this therapy is most effective for a specific type of tinnitus further validates the underlying theory that tinnitus is caused by the hyperactivity of a particular frequency-specific neural population, which can be precisely targeted for treatment. This nuanced efficacy highlights the importance of a detailed audiological assessment to determine if a patient is an ideal candidate for this type of intervention.24

4. The Future of Tinnitus Treatment: Integration and Neuromodulation

4.1 The Integration of Notched Therapy into Consumer Technology

The trajectory of notched sound therapy is moving toward a more accessible and integrated model. While Sound Of Mind focus on using ubiquitous hardware technology there are also specialised products being developed. While they are at a higher price point they have their place in the solutions market. The most notable development is the incorporation of this technology directly into commercially available hearing aids.23 Leading hearing aid manufacturers like Signia offer proprietary "Notch Therapy" as a built-in feature, which works by filtering out amplification in the specific frequency area of the tinnitus while amplifying all other sounds according to the patient's hearing loss.23 This allows for a seamless, continuous treatment that is worn throughout the day and provides both sound therapy and hearing support in a single device.22 Signia's research reports that its Notch Therapy has been effective for 65% of patients with tonal tinnitus.28 This integration marks a significant evolution, transforming a separate, active therapy into a passive, background treatment that can be a natural part of a patient's daily life.

4.2 The Emergence of Bimodal Neuromodulation

Beyond notched therapy, a new generation of treatments known as bimodal neuromodulation is emerging, which combines auditory and somatosensory stimulation to drive neuroplastic change.29 These devices, such as SoundOfMind.com and Lenire, deliver a combination of recorded sounds through headphones and mild electrical pulses to a second sensory nerve, typically via a device on the tongue.29 The core principle is to "retrain the brain to downplay tinnitus" by simultaneously stimulating auditory and sensory nerves, thus forcing the brain to pay more attention to external signals and less to the internal phantom noise.29 Clinical studies on these devices have shown remarkable results, with a 2025 study reporting that 91.5% of patients with moderate to severe tinnitus experienced significant improvement after using the Lenire device.29

The evolution from simple masking to targeted notched therapy and now to multi-sensory bimodal stimulation illustrates a clear trend in tinnitus treatment. Early sound therapies were a simple distraction; notched therapy introduced a targeted, neuroplastic mechanism; and bimodal stimulation adds a second sensory input to enhance this effect.29 The success of this multi-sensory approach points to a future where tinnitus is not treated as a single auditory problem but as a complex, multi-system neurological disorder. As one expert suggests, the optimal treatment will be an "interdisciplinary" approach that tackles the problem from "several angles at the same time".31

4.3 Future Research Trajectory and Expectations

The future of tinnitus treatment is not predicated on a single cure but on a personalized, multi-modal strategy that integrates advanced technology, behavioral interventions, and a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms at play. This is part of what Sound of Mind is achieving today but will unlikely develop its own hardware since the ubiquity of the smartphone enables a very accessable way for many people to quickly and easily gain help. While promising, a consistent theme in the research literature is the need for larger-scale, multi-center, and higher-quality studies to further validate these newer treatments.16 The research must also address the reasons why treatments like notched therapy do not work for everyone, a question that remains unclear.22

Future innovations may also extend beyond sound therapy and neuromodulation to include pharmacological and genetic approaches, as researchers gain a better understanding of the hereditary components of certain types of tinnitus.30 The ultimate goal is to move toward a holistic, patient-centered model that addresses the neurological underpinnings, the psychological distress, and the unique clinical profile of each individual.31

Conclusion

Tinnitus is a multifaceted condition that defies a one-size-fits-all solution. This report has demonstrated that a foundational understanding of its classification—from subjective to objective and its various subtypes—is crucial for effective management. The analysis of contemporary treatments reveals that while a universal cure remains elusive, highly effective, non-invasive therapies exist. Behavioral and acoustic interventions like CBT and TRT do not silence the sound but instead address the central issue for most patients: their emotional and psychological reaction to the symptom.

Notched sound therapy stands out as a promising, targeted intervention. Its mechanism, based on reversing maladaptive neuroplasticity through lateral inhibition, offers a scientifically plausible method for reducing the perception of tonal tinnitus. The increasing integration of this technology into hearing aids marks a significant step toward making this sophisticated therapy a more seamless part of a patient's life.

The future of tinnitus management is defined by the integration of these therapeutic modalities. The most successful approaches will be those that address the condition from multiple angles—from sound and electrical stimulation to behavioral support and emotional counseling. The evolution from simple masking to sophisticated bimodal neuromodulation underscores the ongoing effort to find more precise and effective ways to retrain the brain. Continued research is vital to validate these emerging treatments and unlock new avenues for relief, ensuring that future care is not just technologically advanced but also deeply personalized and interdisciplinary.

Works cited

1. The 4 Different Types of Tinnitus - Siouxland Hearing Healthcare, accessed September 13, 2025, https://siouxlandhearing.com/the-4-different-types-of-tinnitus/

2. The 4 Different Types of Tinnitus | Norriton Hearing Center, accessed September 13, 2025, https://norritonhearing.com/the-4-different-types-of-tinnitus/

3. Tinnitus in Normal-Hearing Participants after Exposure to Intense Low-Frequency Sound and in Ménière's Disease Patients - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed September 13, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5215134/

4. Tinnitus Treatments | Rancho Santa Fe Audiology, accessed September 13, 2025, https://rsfaudiology.com/tinnitus/treatments/

5. How To Describe and Identify Your Type of Tinnitus | Speech & Hearing Associates | Blog, accessed September 13, 2025, https://speechandhearingassoc.com/how-to-describe-and-identify-your-type-of-tinnitus/

6. Low Frequency Tinnitus - Ears' Deep Humming Driving You Crazy, accessed September 13, 2025, https://cearvol.com/blogs/hearing-aids/low-frequency-tinnitus

7. Tinnitus: Characteristics, Causes, Mechanisms, and Treatments - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed September 13, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2686891/

8. emedicine.medscape.com, accessed September 13, 2025, https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856916-overview#:~:text=treatment%20of%20tinnitus.-,Classification,only%20to%20the%20affected%20individual).

9. www.merckmanuals.com, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-ear-problems/tinnitus#:~:text=Most%20tinnitus%20is%20subjective.,within%20the%20middle%20ear%20(eg.

10. What To Know About Somatic Tinnitus | M.K. Larson Audiology | Blog, accessed September 13, 2025, https://larsonaudiology.com/what-to-know-about-somatic-tinnitus/

11. Pulsatile Tinnitus – Symptoms and Causes | Penn Medicine, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.pennmedicine.org/conditions/pulsatile-tinnitus

12. www.pennmedicine.org, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.pennmedicine.org/conditions/pulsatile-tinnitus#:~:text=What%20is%20pulsatile%20tinnitus%3F,difficult%20to%20concentrate%20or%20sleep.

13. Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Management Program | Otolaryngology ..., accessed September 13, 2025, https://ohns.ucsf.edu/audiology/education/tinnitus

14. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus - American Academy of ..., accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.audiology.org/news-and-publications/audiology-today/articles/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-tinnitus/

15. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Tinnitus Retraining Therapy | American Tinnitus Association, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.ata.org/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-versus-tinnitus-retraining-therapy/

16. Tinnitus retraining therapy: Procedure, effectiveness, and risks, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tinnitus-retraining-therapy

17. Effect of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Normal Hearing Individual with Subjective Tinnitus: An Observational Study - PMC, accessed September 13, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10188727/

18. Medications | American Tinnitus Association, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.ata.org/about-tinnitus/therapy-and-treatment-options/medications/

19. Notched Sound Alleviates Tinnitus by Reorganization Emotional Center - PMC, accessed September 13, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8832119/

20. Blog Archive » A Comprehensive Summary of the Hypothesized Mechanism Behind Tailor-Made Notched Sound Therapy - AudioNotch, accessed September 13, 2025, https://audionotch.com/blog/2013/03/07/a-comprehensive-summary-of-the-hypothesized-mechanism-behind-tailor-made-notched-sound-therapy/

21. Listening to tailor-made notched music reduces tinnitus loudness ..., accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0911268107

22. What Is Notch Therapy? Can It Improve Tinnitus? - Treble Health, accessed September 13, 2025, https://treblehealth.com/notch-therapy-tinnitus/

23. Tinnitus Notch Therapy - Signia Hearing Aids, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.signia.net/en-us/local/en-us/government-services/tinnitus/notch-therapy/

24. Notched Sound Therapy for Tinnitus Treatment (aka Notched Audio) - CheckHearing.org, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.checkhearing.org/notchedsound.php

25. The efficacy of notched music therapy vs conventional music therapy ..., accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389283247_The_efficacy_of_notched_music_therapy_vs_conventional_music_therapy_for_chronic_subjective_tinnitus_patients_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis

26. How Audio Notching Treats Tinnitus - YouTube, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nz8Dn5t5Ldg

27. Tinnitus Treatment Sound Therapy - Tuner and Tone Generator - AudioNotch, accessed September 13, 2025, https://audionotch.com/app/tune/

28. Best Hearing Aids for Tinnitus in 2025 - HearingUp, accessed September 13, 2025, https://hearingup.com/blog/best-hearing-aids-for-tinnitus-in-2025

29. New Treatment for Tinnitus Can Give Relief to Those Who Suffer From Ringing in the Ears - AARP, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/lenire-new-tinnitus-treatment/

30. New Cure For Tinnitus? 10 Potential Breakthroughs For 2023 - Treble Health, accessed September 13, 2025, https://treblehealth.com/tinnitus-cure/

31. New knowledge on tinnitus gives hope | Karolinska Institutet, accessed September 13, 2025, https://ki.se/en/research/popular-science-and-dialogue/spotlight-on/spotlight-on-our-senses/new-knowledge-on-tinnitus-gives-hope

32. Critical Review: Efficacy of notched-sound therapy for neural plasticity mediated tinnitus treatment Mark Bennett M.Cl.Sc Audiol - Western University, accessed September 13, 2025, https://www.uwo.ca/fhs/csd/ebp/reviews/2011-12/Bennett.pdf